A Narrative Review of the P3-TGAI Program for Enhancing Agricultural Recovery and Resilience
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic severely disrupted Indonesia’s agricultural sector, diminishing farmers’ livelihoods and underscoring the urgency for resilient irrigation governance. While prior studies on the Irrigation Water Use Improvement Acceleration Program (P3-TGAI) emphasized physical outputs such as canal length, irrigated area, and productivity gains, there has been limited exploration of institutional and governance dimensions, particularly regarding Water User Associations (WUAs) and sustainability beyond state subsidies. Addressing this gap is critical, given that P3-TGAI’s recognition as a flagship program in the 2020–2024 RPJMN and its alignment with SDGs on food security and poverty reduction. This study employs a qualitative narrative literature review, triangulating data from academic publications, government regulations, and field evaluation reports. The findings reveal that P3-TGAI rehabilitated 3,794 km of canals, improved 459,517 hectares of irrigated land, and absorbed 767,463 workers in 2021, thereby boosting planting indices and rural incomes. However, persistent challenges include delayed disbursement, inadequate WUA capacity, limited socialization, and regulatory inconsistencies. The study recommends enhancing governance through harmonized regulations, strengthening WUA capacity with systematic training, diversifying funding beyond central budgets, and embedding irrigation governance in local planning. These measures are essential for transforming P3-TGAI from a short-term recovery mechanism into a sustainable model of participatory irrigation governance.
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