Transformasi Sosial dan Tantangan Pengentasan Kemiskinan Ekstrem di Jawa Tengah: Analisis Kapabilita

Abstract

Extreme poverty remains a serious issue in Central Java's villages and hinders the process of social transformation in rural communities. This condition limits citizens' access to education, healthcare, asset ownership, and social participation, causing extremely poor villages to tend to experience development stagnation. This research aims to analyze the limitations of rural community capabilities and the factors of social exclusion that perpetuate extreme poverty and hinder social transformation at the village level. The research method uses secondary data-based desk research sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Village Financial System (Siskeudes), APBDes reports, as well as official government publications and relevant scientific journals. The analysis was conducted by integrating the Capability Approach to assess citizens' basic capabilities and Social Exclusion Theory to identify social and structural barriers. The research findings indicate significant differences between extremely poor and non-extremely poor villages in terms of access to education, healthcare, asset ownership, and social participation. Villages with low capabilities and high levels of social exclusion tend to stagnate in poverty reduction efforts. This research concludes that social transformation in extremely poor villages cannot be achieved solely through income improvement, but requires a multidimensional approach that enhances human capabilities and reduces social exclusion. Therefore, it is recommended that extreme poverty alleviation policies combine social assistance with citizen capacity building, strengthening social networks, and improving basic and digital infrastructure to promote sustainable social change in Central Java villages.